FOOD ESTATE: INDONESIA FRAMEWORK FOR MITIGATION AND ANTICIPATION OF PROTRACTED WAR
Throughout the history of global conflict, one fundamental lesson repeatedly emerges: modern wars are not won solely on the battlefield, but also in the fields that produce food. States that fail to secure their domestic food supply inevitably face social instability, extreme inflation, and heightened national security vulnerabilities. It is within this context that Indonesia’s food estate policy should be understood—not merely as an agricultural project, but as an instrument for mitigating the risks of protracted warfare and global crises. Modern Warfare and a New Weapon: Food The Russia–Ukraine war since 2022 provides a clear example of how armed conflict directly affects the global food system. FAO data indicate that prior to the war, both countries accounted for more than 28% of global wheat exports . Disruptions to production and distribution immediately triggered double-digit increases in global food prices across many developing countries. Similar dynamics can be observed ...